Everything about Central Committee Of The Communist Party Of The Soviet Union totally explained
The
Central Committee, abbreviated in Russian as
ЦК, "Tse-ka", was the highest body of the
Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). Its full name was
Центра́льный Комите́т Коммунисти́ческой Па́ртии Сове́тского Сою́за = ЦК КПСС; Tsentralnyy Komitet Kommunistitcheskoy Partii Sovetskogo Soyuza = TsK KPSS, or the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
According to Party rules, the Central Committee directed all Party and government activities between each
Party Congress with the
Politburo elected by and reporting to the Central Committee. Members of the committee were elected at the Party Congress every five years.
For most of its existence, the power of the Central Committee was limited by its infrequent meetings and large membership, and true power lay with the Politburo. The Committee functioned as a rubber-stamp to legitimise and give an aura of consensus to Politburo decisions. The Committee would meet only twice a year, with sessions lasting one or two days. Special plenary sessions would be held before a major event, such as a new long-term plan or the selection of a new General Secretary. The elections were façades too, with the membership being selected in advance by the leaders.
From
1917 to
1934, the Central Committee did act as a parliament (and, especially in the early years, as the
de facto Politburo). But its occasional opposition to
Stalin led to a
purge of the body between the 17th and 18th Party Congresses (
1934-
39). Until Stalin's death, its role was therefore almost non-existent. After Stalin's death, there was a period of collective leadership, which revitalised the Committee before it was returned to its compliant role. However the Committee did play a critical role in the career of
Nikita Khrushchev. In 1957, the Central Committee played a critical role when it overturned a decision by the Presidium (ie the Politburo) to remove Nikita Khrushchev as party leader. Khrushchev, with the assistance of
Marshal Zhukov, rallied the support of the Central Committee against what he called the
Anti-Party Group. Seven years later, on
October 14,
1964 it was a meeting of the Central Committee that deposed Khrushchev.
The Central Committee also made a landmark decision in March 1985 when it elected the reformist
Mikhail Gorbachev as the next
General Secretary of the CPSU with the margin of just one vote more than the hardliner
Viktor Grishin.
Following the failed coup of August
1991, the Central Committee was dissolved as was the Communist Party itself.
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